MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Administrative Structure, Policies and Impact of British Rule
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MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 Text Book Exercise
Choose the correct option of the following questions
Question 1.
When was the Regulating Act passed in British Parliament?
(a) 1750
(b) 1773
(c) 1857
(d) 1940
Answer:
(b) 1773
Question 2.
When was the Asiatic Society of Bengal founded?
(a) 1784
(b) 1790
(c) 1801
(d) 1901
Answer:
(a) 1784
Question 3.
Who introduced Permanent settlement in 1793?
(a) William Pitt
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer:
(d) Lord Cornwallis
Question 4.
Which Act was passed in 1813
(a) Charter Act
(b) Pitt’s India Act
(c) Regulating Act
(d) Civil Service Act
Answer:
(a) Charter Act Fill in the blanks:
- Clive left Nizamat work to ………….
- In 1772 ……….. was appointed Governor of Bengal.
- ………… introduced civil service in India.
- Ryotwari system was first launched at ………….
- ………… introduced modem post and telegraph system.
Answers:
- Nawab of Bengal Najmudaulah
- Warren Hastings
- Lord Coma – wallis
- Madras and Bombay
- Lord Dalhousie.
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Who was appointed by the company to collect land revenue?
Answer:
Zamindars.
Question 2.
Which book contains the reforms of Cornawallis?
Answer:
The book Cornwallis’s Code reforms of Cornawallis. Question 3.
Under which system peasant lost right over the land?
Answer:
Ryotwari System. MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
what was of impact of the dual rule on the people of Bangal ?
answer:
dual rule give the power of Bengal in company ‘s hands but it was free from liabilities. Nawab of Bengal had the reign but he lacked power and wealth. The company had no responsibility of security and governance despite having control over treasury and army. The dual mle in Bengal damaged agriculture, industry and trade of the Bengal.
Question 2.
What were the main aims of Regulating Act?
Answer:
The British Govt, passed the Regulating Act in 1773.
The two main aims of Regulating Act were:
- To remove the drawbacks in the governing body of company.
- To rectify the causes of company’s misgovernance in India.
Question 3.
What were the main characteristics of Pitt’s India Act?
Answer:
The main characteristics of Pitt’s India Act of 1784 were:
- A Board of control for India was set up in Britain through which the British government controlled the company’s civil, military and revenue affairs in India.
- The company retained the power to appoint and dismiss its officials.
- The Governor General became the commander in chief of all the British.
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Elaborate how economic policy of British rule affected Indian Industries?
Answer:
The indigenous industries were affected to a great extent by the industrial policy of the British Government:
1. The British officials did not patronize the Indian goods.
2. By the end of the seventeenth century the demand for Indian cotton goods in England was very high. This crippled the native textile industry in Britain. Hence, there British government passed a law in Britain in the year 1700 and 1720 A.D. prohibiting the entry of the Indian textile products. These restrictions naturally affected the Indian textile products very adversely. Restrictions were imposed on the entiy of Indian textile products by laws passed in Britain 1700 and 1720 A.D. Steps were taken in India and in Britain to serve the interest of the British traders and manufactures at the cost of the Indian industries.
3. The company’s agents in India forced the producers of cotton, cloth and other commodities to change for their goods 20 to 40 per cent less than the marked price. The workers were also forced to work for company under their term and conditions.
4. They manipulated the prices of raw cotton. This almost wiped out the cotton textile industry in India.
5. The British goods coming to India were exempted from duties, but the Indian exports to Britain were subjected to high import duty. The free trade policy proved ruinous to Indian industries.
Question 2.
What do you mean by permanent settlement?
Answer:
Through the system of the permanent settlement as introduced in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, the government gave the right to collect revenue to Zamindars. The person giving the highest bid was given the right to collect revenue. He would be a middle man between the Government and the peasants. He was free to collect as much as he could from the peasants but was required to pay to government an amount already fixed. Thus the permanent settlement benefited the landlords more than the government.
Question 3.
Which were the evils prevalent in Indian Society in the 18th century and what efforts were made by the Government to eradicate them?
Answer:
Many degrading and inhuman customs and practices had grown in the Indian society during the British rule. The victims of these customs were children, females and people belonging to the low-castes. Female infanticide was one great evil; Sati was another. One of the customs was the throwing away of the infant boys and girls to honor religious vows. The women, particularly the widows, have live a miserable life. In Bengal alone, as many as 8134 cases of Sati were recorded from 1815 to 1828. The British reformers took up measures to eradicate the evils of the society. The government passed several regulations to stop these evils. The government banned the Sati system and passed a law in 1843 which made slavery illegal.
Question 4.
What were the education reforms by British Govt, and its results?
Answer:
The British government started modem education for Indian at their own level. In 1835, the government decided to impart European Literature and Scientific education to Indians. Under this scheme, English became the medium of instructions in some schools started by the government slowly education spread in India and Universities were established at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras. As a result of this many English educated Indian got jobs in the company. the Indians got the knowledge of science and technology political affairs and economic issued they were now aware about their right and privileges.
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