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The GATE Chemistry test is challenging. One needs a solid grasp of every chemistry idea and how it applies in order to pass the GATE chemistry exam. One can pass the GATE 2024 exam with ease if they prepare properly and practise.
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GATE Chemistry Handwritten Notes Free PDF
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering is known as GATE. For the purpose of admission to master’s programmes in engineering and science as well as employment in the public sector, an examination is held in India that primarily assesses the thorough comprehension of numerous undergraduate engineering and science topics.
GATE exams are conducted only once a year by one of the IITs or IISCs. This Year IIT Kanpur is conducting the GATE 2024 Examination. This year GATE exam is scheduled on February 5, 6, 12, and 13, 2022.
GATE Chemistry(CY) Exam Pattern
The GATE chemistry exam comprises of 65 questions in total, 55 of which are from the core disciplines and 10 from general aptitude. The test will last for three hours.
The detailed Exam Pattern for Gate Chemistry is as follows
- The GATE CY paper consists of two sections – General Aptitude (GA) and Chemistry (CY).
- The examination will be a Computer Based Test.
- The total duration of the exam is 3 hours.
- The total mark for the exam is 100.
- A total of 15 marks will be asked for General Aptitude and 85 marks for Chemistry.
- General Aptitude consists of Multiple-choice Questions (MCQs), each carrying 1 or 2 marks.
- The chemistry portion will consist of MCQs/ Numerical Answer Type (NAT)/ Multiple-Select Questions (MSQs), each carrying one or 2 marks.
- There is a negative marking also. For 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. For 2-mark MCQ, the 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. NO negative marking for MSQ & NAT.
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GATE Chemistry Syllabus 2024
The GATE Chemistry Syllabus consists of topics from 3 sections Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry. Here we are providing the complete syllabus of the GATE CY Paper.
GATE Physical Chemistry Syllabus
| Subject | Topics |
|---|---|
| Structure | Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators. Time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations. Born interpretation. Dirac bra-ket notation. Particle in a box: infinite and finite square wells; the concept of tunneling; particle in 1D, 2D, and 3D-box; applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic and anharmonic potentials; Hermite polynomials. Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, Rigid rotor. Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: atomic orbitals; radial distribution function. Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; slater determinants. Approximation Methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first-order perturbation techniques. Atomic units. Molecular structure and Chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory and a linear combination of atomic orbitals – molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory. Hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2 +, H2; molecular orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Hückel approximation and its application to annular π– electron systems |
| Group theory | Symmetry elements and operations; Point groups and character tables; Internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects. |
| Spectroscopy | Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; Term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening. Einstein’s coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling. |
| Equilibrium | Laws of thermodynamics. Standard states. Thermochemistry. Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Van’t Hoff equation. Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium. Absolute entropy. Partial molar quantities. Thermodynamics of mixing. Chemical potential. Fugacity, activity, and activity coefficients. Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law, Chemical equilibria. Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure. Ionic mobility and conductivity. Debye-Hückel limiting law. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation. Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, the relationship between Electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, Potentiometric, and conductometric titrations. Phase rule. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Phase diagram of one component system: CO2, H2O, S; two-component systems: liquid-vapor, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid systems. Fractional distillation. Azeotropes and eutectics. Statistical thermodynamics: microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions, and thermodynamic properties. |
| Kinetics | Elementary, parallel, opposing, and consecutive reactions. Steady-state approximation. Mechanisms of complex reactions. Unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, Concept of Saddle points, Transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects. Kinetics of polymerization. Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis. Kinetic isotope effects. Fast reaction kinetics: relaxation and flow methods. Diffusion-controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes. |
| Surfaces and Interfaces | Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett– Teller (BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Surface tension, viscosity. Self- assembly. Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules. |
GATE Inorganic Chemistry Syllabus
| Subject | Topics |
|---|---|
| Main Group Elements: | Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides – shapes and reactivity. Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Allotropes of carbon, phosphorus and sulphur. Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements. Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds. Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis). |
| Transition Elements | Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe- Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. Ray-Dutt and Bailar twists, |
| Reaction mechanisms | kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions. Metal-metal multiple bond. Lanthanides and Actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties. |
| Organometallics | 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal- carbene complexes and metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions. Homogeneous catalysis – Hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation. Heterogeneous catalysis – Fischer- Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization. |
| Radioactivity: | Detection of radioactivity, Decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Ion (Na+ and K+) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc. |
| Solids | Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors. Instrumental Methods of Analysis: UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X- ray crystallography. Chromatography including GC and HPLC. Electroanalytical methods- polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes. Thermoanalytical methods. |
GATE Organic Chemistry Syllabus
| Subject | Topics |
|---|---|
| Stereochemistry | Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations. Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre. Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism. Configurational and conformational effects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/specificity. |
| Reaction Mechanisms: | Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle. Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling. Linear free-energy relationship – Hammett and Taft equations. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Additional reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements. |
| Organic Synthesis: | Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis. Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions – Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry. Concepts of multistep synthesis – retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents. Atom economy and Green Chemistry, Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents. Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Protection and deprotection of functional groups. Concepts of asymmetric synthesis – resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis. Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers. Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models). |
| Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry: | Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlations – FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction. |
| Heterocyclic Compounds: | Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline. |
| Biomolecules | Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. |
| Experimental techniques in organic chemistry | Optical rotation (polarimetry). Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC. Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules. |
GATE Chemistry Weightage of Important Topics
Previous Year GATE Chemistry Paper Analysis, the general trend in the GATE Chemistry exam in terms of the weightage of the different subjects is given below.
| Section | No of Questions asked |
|---|---|
| Chemical Equilibrium | 4 |
| Chemical Kinetics | 5 |
| Group Theory | 3 |
| Transitional Elements | 3 |
| Stereochemistry | 4 |
| Organics Synthesis | 5 |
| Biomolecules | 2 |
| Experimentation techniques in Organic Chemistry | 2 |
| Reaction Mechanisms | 5 |
| Spectroscopy | 2 |
| Main Group Elements | 4 |
| Organometallics | 3 |
| Structure | 3 |
| Spectroscopy | 2 |
| Solids | 2 |
| Radioactivity | 2 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds: | 2 |
| Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry | 2 |
Premium Gate Chemistry Handwritten Notes pdf free
Here we are providing you comprehensive handwritten notes of all the Chemistry Chapters. These handwritten notes will be very helpful in your Exam preparation.
| Topic | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Acid-Base Chemistry | Download Now |
| Thermodynamics | Download Now |
| Chemical Equilibrium | Download Now |
| Chemical Kinetics | Download Now |
| Surface Chemistry | Download Now |
| Group Theory | Download Now |
| Transitional Elements | Download Now |
| Stereochemistry | Download Now |
| Organics Synthesis | Download Now |
| Biomolecules | Download Now |
| Experimentation techniques in Organic Chemistry | Download Now |
| Reaction Mechanisms | Download Now |
| Polymers | Download Now |
| Spectroscopy | Download Now |
| Main Group Elements | Download Now |
| F Block Elements | Download Now |
| Organometallics | Download Now |
| Structure and Bonding | Download Now |
| Spectroscopy | Download Now |
| Solids | Download Now |
| Radioactivity | Download Now |
| Heterocyclic Compounds: | Download Now |
| Pericyclic Reactions | Download Now |
| Photochemistry | Download Now |
| Green Chemistry | Download Now |
Frequently Asked Questions on GATE Chemistry Exam
Can I get a job through GATE?
Yes, you can certainly get a job through GATE. In fact, many PSU companies recruit exclusively through GATE.
Can I get a job in ISRO through GATE?
No, ISRO doesn’t recruit through GATE. ISRO recruits directly through exams conducted by them.
Does GATE have a negative marking?
Yes, the GATE exam has a negative marking. For 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. For 2-mark MCQ, the 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. NO negative marking for MSQ & NAT.
How is the GATE cutoff decided?
GATE cutoff is decided by considering various factors like the number of applicants, availability of seats, the difficulty level of the exam, and the performance of candidates. The conducting institute decides the cutoff in consultation with other responsible authorities
Is the GATE score valid for 3 years?
Yes, the GATE scores are valid for 3 years for M. Tech admissions, and for some PSUs, the validity of the scores is for a year from the date of declaration of the results.
What are the opportunities after GATE?
The opportunities after GATE are many. Some of the most popular ones include getting a job in public sector companies and getting admission into a postgraduate program in engineering or any other related field.
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Hemant Singh
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